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गुरु अंगद देव जीवनी

गुरु अंगद देव जी, सिखों के दूसरे गुरु माने जाते हैं, गुरु ग्रंथ साहिब में गुरु अंगद देव जी के 62 श्लोक शामिल हैं।

अंगद देव या गुरु अंगद देव सिखों के गुरु थे। गुरु अंगद देव महाराज जी का व्यक्तित्व सृजनात्मक था। उनकी इतनी आध्यात्मिक गतिविधि थी कि वे पहले एक सच्चे सिख और फिर एक महान गुरु बनें। गुरु अंगद साहिब जी (भाई लहना जी) का जन्म हरिके नामक गाँव में हुआ था, जो पंजाब के फिरोजपुर में वैशाख वादी प्रथम, (पाँचवाँ वैशाख) संवत १५६१ (३१ मार्च १५०४) को आता है। गुरुजी एक व्यापारी श्री फेरुजी के पुत्र थे। उनकी माता का नाम माता रामो जी था। बाबा नारायण दास त्रेहन उनके दादा थे, जिनका पैतृक निवास मुक्तसर के पास मत्ते-दी-सराय में था। बाद में फेरू जी आए और इसी स्थान पर रहने लगे।

प्रारंभिक जीवन :
अंगद देव का पुराना नाम लहना था। भाई लहना जी सनातन मत से प्रभावित थे, जिसके कारण वे देवी दुर्गा को स्त्री और मूर्ति को देवी के रूप में पूजते थे। वह हर साल ज्वालामुखी मंदिर में भक्तों के एक समूह का नेतृत्व करते थे। 1520 में उन्होंने माता खिविन जी से विवाह किया। उनसे उनके दो पुत्र हुए - दसू जी और दातू जी और दो पुत्रियाँ - अमरो जी और अनोखी जी। मुगल और बलूच लुटेरों (जो बाबर के साथ आए थे) के कारण फेरू जी को अपना पैतृक गांव छोड़ना पड़ा।

गुरु दर्शन :
लहिना जी को गुरु दर्शन की प्रेरणा भाई जोधा सिंह खडूर निवासी से मिली। जब आप संगत के साथ करतारपुर के पास से गुजरने लगे, तो आप गुरुजी के तंबू में दर्शन करने आए। गुरु जी के अनुरोध पर आपने कहा, "मैं खडूर संगत के साथ वैष्णो देवी के दर्शन करने जा रहा हूं। आपकी महिमा सुनकर, दर्शन करने की इच्छा पैदा हुई। कृपया मुझे निर्देश दें ताकि मेरा जीवन सफल हो सके।" गुरु जी ने कहा, "भाई लहिना, भगवान ने तुम्हें वरदान दिया है, लेना है और हमें देना है। प्राचीन पूर्वज की भक्ति करो। ये सभी देवता उसके द्वारा बनाए गए हैं।"

लहिना जी ने अपने साथियों से कहा, देवी के दर्शन करके आओ, मुझे मोक्ष देने वाला सिद्ध पुरुष मिला है। गुरु अंगद साहिब वहां कुछ समय तक गुरु जी की सेवा करते रहे और नाम दान का उपदेश देकर खडूर अपनी दुकान पर वापस आ गए, लेकिन उनका ध्यान हमेशा करतारपुर गुरु जी के चरणों में रहा। कुछ दिनों बाद वह अपनी दुकान से नमक का बंडल हाथ में लेकर करतारपुर आ गया। उस समय गुरु जी नदीन को धान से निकाल रहे थे। गुरु जी ने नदीन को भैंसों के लिए गट्ठर घर ले जाने को कहा। लहिना जी झट से अपने सिर पर भीगी गठरी उठाकर घर ले आईं।

गुरुमुखी क्या है : 
गुरुमुखी का अर्थ है गुरु के मुख से निकलने वाली आवाज। गुरुमुखी वह लिपि है जिसमें "गुरु ग्रंथ साहिब" लिखा जाता है। गुरुमुखी की विशेषता यह है कि यह बहुत ही आसान और स्पष्ट उच्चारण है। इसकी मदद से लोग गुरु नानक की शिक्षाओं और उनके भजनों को समझ सके।

गुरु अंगद देव जी के कार्य :
लंगर की व्यवस्था गुरु अंगद साहिब के नेतृत्व में व्यापक रूप से प्रचारित की गई थी। गुरु अंगद जी का असली नाम भाई लहना जी था। एक बार उन्होंने एक सिख को गुरु नानक का गीत गाते हुए सुना। इसके बाद उन्होंने गुरु नानक देव जी से मिलने का मन बना लिया। कहा जाता है कि गुरु नानक से पहली ही मुलाकात में गुरु अंगद जी का चरित्र बदल गया और उन्होंने सिख धर्म अपना लिया और कतरपुर में रहने लगे। उन्होंने गुरुमुखी की रचना की और गुरु नानक देव की जीवनी लिखी।


गुरु और सिख धर्म में उनकी आस्था को देखकर गुरु नानक ने उन्हें दूसरे नानक की उपाधि और गुरु अंगद का नाम दिया। कहा जाता है कि नानक ने गुरु बनने के लिए सात परीक्षाएं लीं। गुरु नानक जी की मृत्यु के बाद गुरु अंगद जी ने उनकी शिक्षाओं को आगे बढ़ाने का काम किया। 29 मार्च 1552 को गुरु अंगद जी की मृत्यु हो गई।

श्री गुरू अंगद देव जी के महान् कार्य :
1. श्री गुरु अंगद देव जी "श्री खदुर साहिब" के पास आए और पहला अखंड लंगर चलाया। जहां हर जाति बिना किसी भेदभाव और झिझक के कतार में बैठकर लंगर खा सकती थी। वास्तविक रूप में जाति और अस्पृश्यता का भेद मिट गया।
2. "श्री गुरु नानक देव जी" की "पंजाबी बोली" के "शुद्ध" में लिखी गई गुरुमुखी लिपि का परिचय दिया। यानी गुरुमुखी अक्षर श्री गुरु अंगद देव जी ने बनाए थे। यह कार्य 1541 में किया गया था।
3. श्री गुरु नानक देव जी के जीवन को बड़े ध्यान से लिखा गया था। जिनका नाम भाई बाले की जन्म सखी के नाम से प्रसिद्ध है।
4. एक बहुत भारी "अखाड़ा" बनाया जहां लोगों ने उत्साह और शारीरिक शक्ति बनाए रखने के लिए व्यायाम करना शुरू कर दिया।
5. गुरु साहिब जी ने सिख धर्म को दूर-दूर तक फैलाने के लिए उपदेशकों को भेजा, लोगों में साहस पैदा करने का उपदेश दिया।

सात कठिन परीक्षाएं :
1. सिखों के दूसरे गुरु अंगद देव का जन्म 31 मार्च 1504 ईस्वी में हुआ था और उन्होंने 28 मार्च 1552 ईस्वी को अपना शरीर त्याग दिया था।
2. उसका असली नाम लहना था। उनकी भक्ति और आध्यात्मिक योग्यता से प्रभावित होकर, गुरु नानक ने उन्हें अंगद मान और अंगद नाम दिया।
3. जब नानक देव जी ने अपना उत्तराधिकारी नियुक्त करने का विचार किया, तब लहना यानी अंगद देव जी ने अपने पुत्रों के साथ कठिन परीक्षाएं दीं।
4. गुरु नानक देव जी का पुत्र परीक्षा में अनुत्तीर्ण हो गया, गुरु भक्ति की भावना से ओतप्रोत अंगद देव जी ही परीक्षा में सफल हुए।
5. पहले परीक्षण में नानक देव ने अंगद देव जी को अपने सिर पर मिट्टी से ढकी घास का एक बंडल उठाने को कहा।
6. दूसरे परीक्षण में नानक देव ने धर्मशाला में मरे हुए चूहे को उठाकर बाहर फेंकने को कहा। उन दिनों केवल शूद्र ही यह कार्य करते थे।
7. जाति के बावजूद अंगद देव ने धर्मशाला से चूहा उठाकर बाहर फेंक दिया।

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Description: Curious about Jain symbols and their meanings? Here's a respectful, honest guide to understanding Jain symbols — what they represent and why they matter spiritually.

Let me start with something you've probably noticed.

If you've ever visited a Jain temple, seen Jain art, or encountered Jain religious imagery, you've probably noticed certain symbols appearing again and again.

A raised hand with a wheel in the palm. The swastika (which looks familiar but means something completely different in Jainism than its misappropriated modern associations). Three dots above a crescent. A particular configuration of shapes that seems to appear everywhere.

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The Universal Jain Symbol (Official Emblem of Jainism)

In 1974, to commemorate the 2,500th anniversary of Mahavira's nirvana (final liberation), Jain scholars created an official symbol that encompasses the core elements of Jain philosophy.

This is the symbol you'll see most often — on Jain temples, publications, websites, and institutions worldwide.

What It Looks Like

The symbol combines several elements arranged vertically:

At the top: Three dots (●●●) above a crescent moon (☽)

In the middle: A raised right hand with a wheel (dharma chakra) in the center of the palm

Below the hand: The word "Ahimsa" (अहिंसा) in Devanagari script

At the bottom: The swastika (卐)

The entire image is often enclosed in an outline representing the shape of the universe in Jain cosmology (called Lok)

The Spiritual Significance of Each Element

Let's break down what each part means:

The Raised Hand with Wheel

The hand: Represents the command "STOP"

What it's stopping: The cycle of birth, death, and rebirth (samsara)

The message: Stop and think before you act. Be mindful. Practice restraint.

The wheel (chakra) in the palm: Has 24 spokes representing the 24 Tirthankaras (enlightened teachers) of the current cosmic cycle, with Mahavira as the 24th and most recent.

The word "Ahimsa" below the hand: Reinforces that the way to stop the cycle of suffering is through non-violence — the supreme principle in Jainism.

The complete meaning: "Stop. Think. Practice Ahimsa (non-violence). Follow the teachings of the Tirthankaras."

This isn't just "don't hurt anyone." It's a reminder that every action has karmic consequences, and mindful non-violence is the path to liberation.

The Four Arms of the Swastika (卐)

Important context: The swastika is an ancient sacred symbol in Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism (dating back thousands of years before its misappropriation by the Nazis in the 20th century). In Jain context, it's purely spiritual.

The four arms represent the four possible realms of rebirth (Gatis):

  1. Deva (divine beings) — Celestial realms with great pleasure but still within samsara
  2. Manushya (humans) — The most precious birth because only humans can consciously pursue liberation
  3. Tiryancha (animals, plants) — Non-human life forms
  4. Narak (hell beings) — Realms of intense suffering

The central meeting point: Where all four arms meet represents the potential for liberation from all four realms.

The spiritual message: All souls cycle through these four realms based on their karma. Only by purifying karma completely can you escape this cycle and achieve moksha (liberation).

The swastika reminds us: That we've been in all these forms countless times. That the goal is to transcend all of them. That human birth is precious because it's the gateway to liberation.

The Three Dots Above the Crescent

The three dots represent the "Three Jewels" (Ratnatraya) of Jainism:

  1. Samyak Darshana — Right faith/perception (seeing reality as it truly is)
  2. Samyak Jnana — Right knowledge (understanding Jain philosophy deeply)
  3. Samyak Charitra — Right conduct (living according to the Five Great Vows)

The crescent below them: Represents Siddhashila or Moksha — the abode of liberated souls at the top of the universe.

The arrangement is significant: The three dots are above the crescent, suggesting that liberation (represented by the crescent) is achieved by perfecting the three jewels.

The spiritual message: Faith, knowledge, and conduct must work together. You can't achieve liberation with faith alone, or knowledge alone, or conduct alone. All three must be cultivated simultaneously.

This is one of the most elegant expressions of Jain spiritual practice — the integration of belief, understanding, and action.

The Outline of the Universe (Lok)

The entire symbol is sometimes enclosed in a shape that represents the Jain conception of the universe:

  • Wide at the top (upper world, celestial realms)
  • Narrow in the middle (middle world where humans live)
  • Wide at the bottom (lower world, hell realms)

This represents Jain cosmology — the belief that the universe is not created or destroyed but has always existed, containing countless souls in various states of karmic bondage or liberation.

The message: This is the arena where all spiritual struggle takes place. This is the structure within which karma operates and liberation is achieved.

The Swastika in Greater Detail

Because the swastika is so prominent in Jain symbolism (and so misunderstood in the modern West), it deserves deeper exploration.

Historical and Cultural Context

The word "swastika" comes from Sanskrit:

  • Su = good, well
  • Asti = it is
  • Ka = suffix

Literally: "It is good" or "that which is associated with well-being"

In Jainism, the swastika has been used for over 2,500 years — millennia before its appropriation by Nazi Germany in the 1930s-40s.

For Jains (and Hindus and Buddhists), the swastika represents:

  • Auspiciousness
  • Good fortune
  • Spiritual purity
  • The four states of existence
  • The eternal cycle of birth and rebirth

Spiritual Meanings Beyond the Four Gatis

The four arms also represent:

The four columns of the Jain Sangha (community):

  1. Monks (Sadhus)
  2. Nuns (Sadhvis)
  3. Male laypeople (Shravaks)
  4. Female laypeople (Shravikas)

The four enemies of the soul (Kashayas):

  1. Anger (Krodha)
  2. Pride (Mana)
  3. Deceit (Maya)
  4. Greed (Lobha)

The spiritual reminder: Just as the swastika's arms extend in four directions from a central point, these aspects of Jain life and philosophy radiate from the central truth of the soul's potential for liberation.

How the Swastika Is Used in Jain Practice

In temples: Drawn on ritual items, walls, offerings

In ceremonies: Created with rice, sandalwood paste, or flowers during worship

On auspicious occasions: Drawn at the entrance of homes, on documents, at the beginning of religious texts

The practice: Creating a swastika is an act of devotion and a reminder of spiritual principles.

Important note for Western readers: In Jain (and Hindu/Buddhist) contexts, the swastika has only positive, sacred connotations. Its association with Nazi Germany is a tragic historical misappropriation that has nothing to do with its original meaning in Indian religions.

28 Feb 2026