The Old Route An Overview of Jainism

One of the world’s oldest religions, Jainism, has its roots in ancient India. This non-theistic religion stresses spiritual self-reliance and self-control as well as non-violence to all living beings. The ethical rigor of Jainism and its ascetic practices are often mentioned.

Jainism developed from the 7th to 5th century BCE in the Ganges valley of eastern India and shares a common ancestry with Hinduism and Buddhism reflecting contemporary spiritual and philosophical heterogeneity at that time. The founders of Jainism are called Tirthankaras; among them, Mahavira(599-527 BCE) is the most recent and best known. Mahavira is commonly placed as a contemporary with Buddha, while his teachings form tenets for Jain religious philosophy.

Main Laws:

  • Ahimsa (Non-Violence): Ahimsa is the primordial rule in Jain tradition which means harmlessness or non-violence towards anything that breathes whether by thought, speech, or action.
  • Anekantvad (Non Absolutism): It preaches that truth and reality are intricate matters that can be seen from various standpoints which will require openness in mind to accommodate different opinions.

  • Aparigraha (Non-Possessiveness): Jains believe in letting go of material things and wants by advocating a simple and disciplined life.
  • Satya (Truthfulness): Speaking the truth is considered important, although one must be careful not to hurt anybody.
  • Asteya (Non-Stealing): We can’t take anything from anyone without permission

The 24 Tirthankaras: Guiding Lights of Jain Dharma:The Tirthankaras are regarded as enlightened spiritual guides who have attained salvation themselves and helped others do so. Each Tirthankara is believed to have reformed Jainism and propagated its teachings.

Leading Tirthankaras:

Rishabhanatha: He was the first hermit of India, frequently shown with the nandi emblem, who established the Jain church order and laid down the early principles of this faith.

  1. Ajitanatha: The second tīrthankara, known for advocating nonviolence and truthfulness.
  2. Sambhavanatha: The third tīrthankara associated with horse emblem.
  3. Abhinandananatha: The fourth tīrthankara represented by a monkey outside other symbols or pictures.
  4. Sumatinatha: The fifth tīrthankara symbolized by heron.
  5. Mahavira (Vardhamana):

Mahavira (Vardhamana):Mahavira the 24th and last Tirthankara was vital in developing and expanding Jain philosophy. He advocated an extreme form of self-denial as the only way to achieve total spiritual liberation from material attachment (moksha).

Ahimsa: The Jain Principle of Non-Violence in Everyday LifeJain ethics and spirituality are founded on ahimsa. It is not only about physical actions; it also encompasses words and thoughts, stressing utmost care in dealing with all living beings.

Applications of Ahimsa:

  • Dietary Practices: Jains are strict vegetarians or vegans, avoiding not just meat but root vegetables as well which can harm small organisms in the earth.
  • Occupational Choices: Many Jains opt for careers that limit hurting other creatures such as banking, teaching, and healing.
  • Daily Conduct: The principle of Ahimsa governs interactions and promotes kindness, compassion, and forgiveness among individuals within personal relationships and community life.
  • Jainism and Karma: Understanding the Cycle of Action and Reaction

In Jain doctrine karma is identified with subtle matter through which the soul is infected by one’s actions. The accumulation of karma determines how far a soul has traveled on his journey toward birth and death again.

Types of Karma:

  • Ghatiya Karma: The soul’s true nature is obscured interfering with the ability to get knowledge, perception, or spiritual power.
  • Aghatiya Karma: It affects the physical body and life circumstances such as lifespan, social status, and personal experiences.

The Process of Liberation:The ultimate goal in Jainism is achieving moksha or liberation from the cycle of rebirth. This is done by purging karma off one’s soul through ethical living, meditation, and ascetic practices. In Jainism, three jewels are vital to this process. They are,

  • Right Faith (Samyak Darshana): Belief in what Tirthankaras taught.
  • Right Knowledge (Samyak Jnana): Understanding reality, karma, and soul.
  • Right Conduct (Samyak Charitra): Living according to Jain ethical principles such as non-violence, truthfulness, non-possession, etc.

Jainism 101: Essential Beliefs and Practices

Beliefs:

  • Souls (Jiva): All beings have a soul that is eternal and naturally pure; however individual souls are tied down by karma that alters their spirituality.
  • Universe (Loka): The Jain concept of cosmology regards the universe as a changeless one neither created nor governed by any divine being but regulated by the natural laws.

  • Liberation (Moksha): The ultimate goal of the soul is to be set free from reincarnations, and to attain a state of eternal bliss and knowledge that is never-ending.

Practices:

  1. Meditation and Prayer: Regular meditation and prayer help Jains concentrate on spiritual goals and cleanse their minds.
  2. Puja and Rituals: Jains engage in rituals such as idol worshipping but these acts are symbolic to encourage devotion and self-discipline among worshippers.
  3. Fasting: Fasting is a common practice, particularly during religious festivals like Paryushana and Mahavir Jayanti. It helps purify the mind as well as the body.
  4. Monastic Life: Jain monks and nuns embrace an extreme life of poverty; they give up all worldly goods and adhere firmly to ethical codes. They are the custodians of Jainism religion and culture.

Festivals:

  1. Paryushana: A significant yearly event involving fasting, praying, and reading of Jain scriptures for introspection and penance.
  2. Mahavir Jayanti: Commemorates the birth of Mahavira, the 24th Tirthankara with processions, and sermons by various scholars present at the events among other community prayers.
  3. Community and Social Impact:

Jain communities are noted for their philanthropic activities which focus on education, health care delivery system as well as patronage for artistic endeavors. Their commitment to non-violence combined with principled living has had far-reaching implications on society at large embracing values of peaceful coexistence or tolerance

Jainism is unique and ageless, with its deep emphasis on ethical life, spiritual purity, and non-violence. Here, following these teachings allows us to have a compassionate life and mind to lead a self-disciplined life for personal development, and societal cohesion. When you understand the Tirthankaras lives, the principles of Ahimsa and karma as well as Jainism‘s core tenets & practices you will have a greater comprehension of this ancient faith and its continuing importance today.

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Muslim
The Importance of Namaz (Prayer) in a Muslim's Life: The Pillar That Connects Heaven and Earth

Description: Discover the profound spiritual, physical, and psychological importance of Namaz (Salah) in Islam. Understand why prayer is the cornerstone of a Muslim's daily life and relationship with Allah.

Introduction

In Islam, Namaz (also called Salah) holds a position of unparalleled importance—it is the second pillar of Islam and the most emphasized act of worship after the declaration of faith. Performed five times daily, Namaz is not merely a ritual but the spiritual backbone of a Muslim's life, the direct connection between the worshipper and Allah (God).

This article explores the profound importance of Namaz in a Muslim's life with deep respect for Islamic tradition, examining its spiritual significance, practical benefits, and the transformative impact it has on those who observe it faithfully.

Important note: This article is written with utmost reverence for Islam and the sacred practice of Namaz. It seeks to provide educational understanding for both Muslims seeking to deepen their appreciation of this pillar and non-Muslims interested in learning about Islamic worship. Every effort has been made to present this topic with the respect and dignity it deserves.

What Is Namaz? Understanding the Foundation

Namaz (Salah in Arabic) is the ritual prayer performed by Muslims five times daily at prescribed times, involving specific physical postures and recitations.

The Five Daily Prayers

1. Fajr (Dawn Prayer):

  • Time: Before sunrise
  • Units (Rakat): 2 obligatory
  • Significance: Beginning the day with remembrance of Allah

2. Dhuhr (Midday Prayer):

  • Time: After the sun passes its zenith
  • Units: 4 obligatory
  • Significance: Breaking the day's activities with spiritual reflection

3. Asr (Afternoon Prayer):

  • Time: Late afternoon
  • Units: 4 obligatory
  • Significance: Maintaining connection with Allah through the day

4. Maghrib (Sunset Prayer):

  • Time: Just after sunset
  • Units: 3 obligatory
  • Significance: Gratitude as the day concludes

5. Isha (Night Prayer):

  • Time: After twilight disappears
  • Units: 4 obligatory
  • Significance: Ending the day in worship before rest

Total daily: 17 obligatory units (Rakat) minimum, though additional voluntary prayers are highly encouraged.

The Components of Namaz

Physical actions:

  • Standing (Qiyam)
  • Bowing (Ruku)
  • Prostration (Sujood)
  • Sitting (Jalsa)
  • Specific movements performed in sequence

Recitations:

  • Verses from the Quran (primarily Surah Al-Fatiha)
  • Prescribed prayers and supplications
  • Praise and glorification of Allah

Prerequisites:

  • State of physical cleanliness (Wudu/ablution)
  • Appropriate clothing (modest covering)
  • Clean place for prayer
  • Facing the Qibla (direction of Kaaba in Mecca)
  • Proper intention (Niyyah)

The Spiritual Importance of Namaz

Namaz is the cornerstone of a Muslim's spiritual life—it is where the human soul meets the Divine.

Direct Connection with Allah

The most profound aspect of Namaz: direct communication with the Creator.

In Islamic belief:

  • No intermediaries required between worshipper and Allah
  • Prayer is personal conversation with God
  • Allah hears and responds to the sincere prayers of His servants

The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said: "When one of you stands for prayer, he is communicating with his Lord."

This direct connection provides:

  • Spiritual sustenance and nourishment
  • Sense of divine presence in life
  • Comfort in knowing Allah is always accessible
  • Intimacy with the Creator unavailable through any other means

Demonstration of Faith and Submission

Namaz embodies the very meaning of Islam (submission to God).

Through prayer, Muslims demonstrate:

Physical submission:

  • Standing before Allah in humility
  • Bowing in recognition of His greatness
  • Prostrating (forehead to ground) in ultimate humility
  • Physical body declaring what the heart believes

Mental submission:

  • Setting aside worldly concerns five times daily
  • Prioritizing spiritual obligation over material pursuits
  • Acknowledging Allah's sovereignty over one's time

Spiritual submission:

  • Accepting Allah's commands without question
  • Trusting in His wisdom regarding prayer's timing and form
  • Surrendering ego and pride before the Divine

The prostration (Sujood) is particularly significant: The highest part of the human body (the head) is placed on the lowest point (the ground)—a powerful symbol of complete submission and humility before Allah.

Fulfillment of Obligation

Namaz is not optional—it is a fundamental duty upon every adult Muslim.

Islamic sources emphasize:

From the Quran: "Verily, the prayer is enjoined on the believers at fixed hours." (Quran 4:103)

From Hadith: Namaz is described as the "pillar of religion"—if the pillar is strong, the faith stands firm; if it falls, the faith crumbles.

This obligatory nature means:

  • Performing Namaz is obedience to Allah's command
  • Neglecting it is grave sin requiring repentance
  • Consistency demonstrates commitment to faith
  • It distinguishes practicing Muslims from non-practitioners

The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said: "The first matter that the slave will be brought to account for on the Day of Judgment is the prayer. If it is sound, then the rest of his deeds will be sound. And if it is bad, then the rest of his deeds will be bad."

Purification of the Soul

Namaz serves as spiritual cleansing, purifying the heart from sins and negative qualities.

How prayer purifies:

Washing away minor sins:

  • The Prophet (PBUH) compared the five daily prayers to bathing in a river five times daily—just as the body is cleansed, the soul is purified from minor sins

Preventing major sins:

  • Regular prayer creates consciousness of Allah (Taqwa)
  • Awareness that Allah sees all actions
  • Strengthens resolve to avoid wrongdoing

Cultivating positive qualities:

  • Patience (maintaining prayer schedule requires discipline)
  • Humility (prostrating before Allah)
  • Gratitude (acknowledging Allah's blessings)
  • Mindfulness (being present in worship)

The Quran states: "Indeed, prayer prohibits immorality and wrongdoing." (Quran 29:45)

The mechanism: When one prays five times daily with sincere heart, consciousness of Allah permeates the entire day, making one naturally inclined toward good and averse to evil.

Source of Peace and Tranquility

In a world of stress, anxiety, and chaos, Namaz provides spiritual refuge.

The peace Namaz brings:

Psychological calm:

  • Taking breaks from worldly pressures five times daily
  • Meditative quality of repetitive movements and recitations
  • Surrender of worries to Allah, trusting in His plan

Emotional stability:

  • Outlet for expressing gratitude, seeking help, asking forgiveness
  • Comfort in knowing Allah hears and cares
  • Perspective—reminding oneself of life's temporary nature and eternal accountability

Spiritual contentment:

  • Fulfilling soul's deepest need—connection with Creator
  • Alignment with one's purpose (to worship Allah)
  • Inner harmony from living in accordance with faith

The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) would say to Bilal (his companion): "O Bilal, give us comfort with prayer." The phrase "give us comfort" shows prayer was source of peace and relief for him.

Many Muslims report: The most peaceful moments of their day occur during Namaz, particularly in Sujood (prostration), where worries fade and consciousness of Allah's presence brings profound tranquility.

22 Dec 2025
Hindu
महाराष्ट्र में घृष्णेश्वर मन्दिर बारह ज्योतिर्लिंगों में से एक है, इसे घुश्मेश्वर के नाम से भी पुकारते हैं।

बौद्ध भिक्षुओं द्वारा निर्मित एलोरा की प्रसिद्ध गुफाएँ इस मंदिर के समीप ही स्थित है।

18 Apr 2022
Educational
Bhagavad Gita, Chapter 2, Verse 14

Hindi (हिन्दी):
उत्सीदेयुरिमे लोका न कुर्यां कर्म चेदहम्।
सङ्करस्य च कर्ता स्यामुपहन्यामिमाः प्रजाः॥

Meaning (Hindi):
अर्जुन कहते हैं: अगर मैं कर्म को नहीं करता हूँ, तो ये सभी लोग संकर (बाह्य शक्तियों के प्रभाव) के प्रजनक हो जाएँगे, और मैं कर्ता बनूँगा।

English:
Arjuna says: "If I do not perform my duty, all these people will be led astray by the influence of material desires, and I will be responsible for creating confusion in society."

16 May 2023
Hindu
Finding Hindu Temples with Sacred Sanctuaries

Hindu temples represent important symbols of Hinduism which is a rich spiritual heritage and cultural legacy. These sacred sanctuaries serve as sites for worship, pilgrimage, community meetings and cultural observances, all of which symbolize devotion, imagery and architectural magnificence. In this comprehensive exploration we will scrutinize the importnace, architecture, rituals, symbolism and cultural importance of Hindu temples in order to reveal the deep spiritual dimensions encapsulated within these divine abodes.

Importance of Hindu temples:Hindu temples have great significance in Hindu religious and spiritual traditions where they are regarded as sacred places where worshippers can connect with God through prayers to be blessed and perform religious rites and activities. What makes Hindu temples important:

  • Religious Centres: Hindu temples are acknowledged as religious centers wherein God’s presence is believed to dwell, putting them at the center of devotion and spiritual life. The temples are visited by devotees who come to seek divine intervention for various aspects of their lives such as health, prosperity, success and liberation from the cycle of birth and death (moksha).
  • Cultural Heritage: Hindu temples serve as storehouses for cultural heritage that dates back centuries embracing traditions, customs, architectural styles which reflect the artistic, aesthetic and philosophical values of the Hindus. Each temple built over time is a testimony to the workmanship, artistry and expertise with which dedicated craftsmen constructed these architectural wonders in deference.
  • Community Gathering: Temples have roles in community gathering, social interaction together with religious festivals that bring about unity, affiliation or sense of belonging as one. Religious festivities held within these temples foster unity among people leading them into celebrations where they share traditional beliefs while enhancing their kinship bonds through camaraderie.

27 Mar 2024
Hindu
श्री चेंगलम्मा परमेश्वरी मंदिर आंध्र प्रदेश के नेल्लोर जिले में कलंगी नदी के तट पर स्थित है।

शुक्रवार और रविवार को बड़ी संख्या में भक्त आते हैं और चेंगलम्मा की पूजा करते हैं। इस मंदिर का दरवाजा कभी बंद नहीं होता।

14 Apr 2022