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ईद-ए-ग़दीर: इस्लामी इतिहास में वह दिन जिसके आधार पर मुसलमानों को शिया-सुन्नी में विभाजित हुआ था

जिसके आधार पर दुनिया का मुसलमान दो समुदायों शिया और सुन्नी में बंटा हुआ है, उस शख्स का नाम हज़रत अली है।

इस्लाम में मोटे तौर पर दो समुदाय हैं - शिया और सुन्नी। दुनिया के सारे मुसलमान इन्हीं दो समुदायों में आते हैं। इनके वितरण का आधार इस्लामी इतिहास है। दोनों समुदायों की कुरान एक ही है, हर दिन अनिवार्य नमाज की संख्या बराबर है। दोनों समुदाय अल्लाह के पैगंबर मुहम्मद (रसूल अल्लाह) और कुरान के लिए भी एकमत हैं। इस्लामी इतिहास के आधार पर पैगंबर के उत्तराधिकारी के बाद उनके बारे में अलग-अलग राय के कारण दोनों समुदाय विभाजित हो गए थे। जानिए कौन है वो वारिस। जिस शख्स के आधार पर दुनिया के मुसलमान दो समुदायों शिया और सुन्नी में बंटे हुए हैं, उस शख्स का नाम हजरत अली है।



अली संबंध में पैगंबर मुहम्मद के दामाद थे। वह पैगंबर की बेटी फातिमा के पति थे। इस रिश्ते के अलावा, वह पैगंबर के चचेरे भाई भी थे। शिया समुदाय के अनुसार, रसूल अल्लाह (पैगंबर) ने खुद घोषणा की थी कि उनके बाद उनके उत्तराधिकारी अली होंगे। हालांकि सुन्नी समुदाय इस दावे से सहमत नहीं है। शिया समुदाय के अनुसार, पैगंबर ने यह घोषणा 18 ज़िल्हिज्जाह 10 हिजरी (19 मार्च, 633 ई.) को ग़दीर-ए-खुम के मौदान में की थी। ग़दीर नाम की जगह मक्का और मदीना के बीच में है। ग़दीर ख़ुम जगह जोफ़ा से 3-4 किमी दूर है। जोफा मक्का से 64 किमी उत्तर में है। हाजी जोफा से एहराम (हज के लिए विशेष कपड़े) पहनते हैं।


पैगंबर के समय में, मिस्र, इराक, सीरिया और मदीना के लोग जोफा द्वारा एक दूसरे से अलग हो गए थे। क्या थी वो घोषणा- 10 हिजरी को पैगंबर ने आखिरी हज किया था। हज के बाद फरिश्ता जिब्रील कुरान की पांचवी सूरह की 67वीं आयत लेकर पैगंबर मुहम्मद के पास पहुंचे। आयत के उतरने के बाद, पैगंबर ने तीर्थयात्रियों को ग़दीर-ए-खुम में रुकने का आदेश दिया। वह आयत थी - या अय्युहर रसुलु बल्लीघ मा उनज़िला इलाइका मिन रब्बिक वा इन लाम तफ़ल फामा बल्लागाता रिसाल्ताहु वलाहु यासिमुका मिन अन्नास। जिसका अर्थ था - ऐ रसूल, उस संदेश को पहुँचा दो जो तुम्हारे रब की ओर से तुम्हारी ओर उतारा गया है।

आयत के प्रकट होने के बाद, पैगंबर ने सभी तीर्थयात्रियों को ग़दीर-ए-खुम में रुकने के लिए कहा। आदेश के बाद काफिले में सवार लोग रुक गए। जो पीछे रह गए वे जमीन पर पहुंचने का इंतजार कर रहे थे। गर्मी का मौसम था और जोहर (सुबह की दोपहर) का समय था। पैगंबर ने ऊंट के काजों को इकट्ठा करके एक ऊंचा मिंबर बनाया। वह उस पर खड़ा हो गया और खुतबा (भाषण) दिया। इस खुतबा में पैगम्बर ने अली का हाथ पकड़ कर लोगों को उससे मिलवाया। अपने उत्तराधिकारी के रूप में नियुक्ति की घोषणा करते हुए उन्होंने कहा, मन कुंतो मौलाहो फहजा अलीयुन मौला। यानी जिसका मैं मौला हूं उसका अली मौला। ग़दीर के क्षेत्र में इस घोषणा से जुड़ी आयतें क़ुरआन में हैं। शिया समुदाय 18 ज़िल्हिज्ज को ईद-ए-ग़दीर के रूप में मनाता है।

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Path of Religion, Success, and Challenges Faced by Jain Women (Sadhvis) in a Traditional Environment

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The Spiritual Journey of Jain Sadhvis: The choice about becoming a Sadhvi is not a simple one; it is a profound calling from God with earnest devotion to Jain norms. Ascetic life styles of Sadhvis include giving away all their material possessions, renouncing family ties, and leaving behind worldly aspirations to be devoted purely to achieving spiritual progress that will ultimately result in release from the cycle of birth and death (moksha).

Giving Up and Beginning: Normally, the journey begins with Diksha ritual for the sadhvi where she renounces her previous life through taking vows on chastity, non-violence, truthfulness, non-attachment and austerity. It marks her initiation into monastic presence after having led a worldly lay person’s life before this stage.

Bhagavad Gita, Chapter 2, Verse 13

देहिनोऽस्मिन् यथा देहे कौमारं यौवनं जरा।
तथा देहान्तरप्राप्तिर्धीरस्तत्र न मुह्यति॥

Translation (English):
Just as the embodied soul continuously passes through childhood, youth, and old age, similarly, at the time of death, the soul attains another body. The wise person is not deluded by this.

Meaning (Hindi):
जैसे कि शरीरी इस शरीर में कुमार्य, यौवन और वृद्धावस्था से गुजरता है, वैसे ही मृत्यु के समय यह शरीर छोड़कर दूसरे शरीर को प्राप्त करता है। धीर पुरुष इससे मोहित नहीं होता॥

Navroz Nectar: Savoring the Traditions and Delights of Parsi New Year

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Beyond the Headlines: What You Think You Know About Islam (But Probably Don't)

Description: Debunking common misconceptions about Islam with facts, context, and nuance. Explore the truth behind stereotypes about Muslim beliefs, practices, and teachings.


Let's start with something uncomfortable: most of what people "know" about Islam comes from news headlines, social media hot takes, and that one guy at work who definitely didn't do his research.

And look, I get it. We live in an era of information overload where complexity gets flattened into soundbites, nuance dies in comment sections, and everyone's an expert on religions they've never actually studied.

But here's the thing about misconceptions about Islam—they're not just inaccurate. They're actively harmful. They shape policies, fuel discrimination, and create barriers between people who probably have more in common than they realize.

So let's do something different. Let's actually examine what Islam teaches versus what people think it teaches. Not to convert anyone, not to defend everything, just to replace fiction with facts.

Because honestly? The truth is way more interesting than the stereotypes.

Misconception #1: Islam Promotes Violence and Terrorism

This is the big one, so let's tackle it head-on.

The stereotype: Islam is inherently violent, encourages terrorism, and commands followers to kill non-believers.

The reality: This is probably the most damaging and factually wrong misconception out there.

The Quran explicitly states "whoever kills a soul...it is as if he had slain mankind entirely. And whoever saves one—it is as if he had saved mankind entirely" (5:32). That's pretty unambiguous.

The word "Islam" literally derives from the same Arabic root as "peace" (salaam). Muslims greet each other with "As-salamu alaykum"—peace be upon you.

Yes, there are verses discussing warfare in the Quran. Context matters enormously here. These were revealed during actual conflicts in 7th century Arabia when the early Muslim community faced existential threats. They addressed specific defensive situations, not eternal commands for aggression.

Mainstream Islamic scholarship across all major schools of thought condemns terrorism, the killing of civilians, and violent extremism. When terrorist attacks happen, Muslim organizations worldwide issue condemnations—they just don't get the same media coverage as the attacks themselves.

Here's a stat that matters: 1.8 billion Muslims exist globally. If Islam inherently promoted violence, we'd see 1.8 billion violent people. Instead, we see the same distribution of peaceful and violent individuals you find in any large population group.

The extremists exist, absolutely. But they represent a tiny fraction and are rejected by mainstream Islamic authority. Judging Islam by ISIS is like judging Christianity by the Westboro Baptist Church or the KKK—it's taking fringe extremists and pretending they represent the whole.

Misconception #2: Muslims Worship a Different God

The stereotype: Muslims worship "Allah," which is a different deity than the God of Christians and Jews.

The reality: This one's almost funny in its simplicity to debunk.

"Allah" is literally just the Arabic word for "God." Arab Christians use "Allah" when referring to God. It's not a name; it's a translation.

Islam explicitly teaches that Muslims worship the same God as Jews and Christians—the God of Abraham, Moses, and Jesus. The Quran calls Jews and Christians "People of the Book," acknowledging shared scriptural traditions.

The theological understanding of God's nature differs between religions, sure. But the fundamental claim that they're worshipping different deities? Completely false.

Hebrew-speaking Jews say "Elohim." English speakers say "God." Arabic speakers say "Allah." Same deity, different languages.

Misconception #3: Muslims Don't Believe in Jesus

The stereotype: Islam rejects Jesus and his teachings entirely.

The reality: Muslims revere Jesus (called Isa in Arabic) as one of the greatest prophets.

The Quran dedicates entire chapters to Jesus and Mary. It affirms the virgin birth, his miracles, his role as a messenger of God, and his return at the end of times. Mary (Maryam) is actually mentioned more times in the Quran than in the New Testament.

The theological difference is that Islamic beliefs about Jesus don't include the Trinity or divine sonship. Muslims view Jesus as a human prophet—extremely important, deeply respected, but not divine or part of a godhead.

So Muslims don't worship Jesus, but they absolutely believe in him as a crucial figure in religious history. Denying Jesus's prophethood would actually contradict Islamic teachings.

Misconception #4: Islam Oppresses Women Universally

We touched on this in a previous discussion, but it deserves addressing here too.

The stereotype: Islam inherently oppresses women, denies them rights, and treats them as inferior.

The reality: This is complicated because culture and religion are constantly conflated.

The Quran granted women property rights, inheritance rights, the right to education, the right to consent in marriage, and the right to divorce—all in the 7th century when women in many parts of the world had none of these rights.

Many practices blamed on Islam—forced marriages, honor killings, denial of education—are actually cultural traditions that contradict Islamic teachings. They exist in some Muslim-majority regions but also exist among non-Muslims in those same regions, and they're absent in many other Muslim communities.

Women in Islam have been scholars, warriors, business leaders, and political advisors throughout Islamic history. The Prophet Muhammad's first wife, Khadijah, was a successful merchant who employed him. His wife Aisha was a renowned scholar who taught thousands.

Modern restrictions on women in some Muslim-majority countries are political and cultural issues, often resisted by Muslim women citing Islamic principles themselves.

Does this mean gender roles in Islamic tradition align perfectly with modern Western feminism? No. But claiming Islam universally oppresses women ignores both religious texts and the diverse experiences of Muslim women globally.