श्री गोविंदराजस्वामी मंदिर आंध्रप्रदेश के तिरुपति में चित्तूर में स्थित है।

कहा जाता है गोविंदराजस्वामी मंदिर की स्थापना सन् 1130 ई. में संत रामानुजाचार्य ने की थी।

श्री गोविंदराजस्वामी मंदिर भारत के आंध्र प्रदेश राज्य के चित्तूर जिले में तिरुपति शहर के मध्य में स्थित एक प्राचीन हिंदू-वैष्णव मंदिर है। मंदिर 12 वीं शताब्दी के दौरान बनाया गया था और 1130 ईस्वी में संत रामानुजाचार्य द्वारा संरक्षित किया गया था। मंदिर तिरुपति की सबसे पुरानी संरचनाओं में से एक है और चित्तूर जिले के सबसे बड़े मंदिर परिसर में से एक है। इस मंदिर के चारों ओर तिरुपति शहर (पहाड़ी के नीचे) बना हुआ है। वर्तमान में मंदिर तिरुमाला तिरुपति देवस्थानम द्वारा चलाया जा रहा है। ऐसा माना जाता है कि उत्सव की मूर्ति को चिदंबरम में गोविंदराज पेरुमल मंदिर पर हमले के दौरान सुरक्षित रखने के लिए तिरुपति लाया गया था। उत्सवमूर्ति को हमलों के बाद वापस ले लिया गया था।

श्री गोविंदराजस्वामी मंदिर की स्थापना सन् 1130 ई. में संत रामानुजाचार्य ने की थी। हालांकि, मंदिर परिसर के अंदर ऐसी संरचनाएं हैं जो 9वीं और 10वीं शताब्दी की हैं। गोविंदराजस्वामी को पीठासीन देवता के रूप में प्रतिष्ठित किए जाने से पहले, श्री पार्थसारथी स्वामी मंदिर के पीठासीन देवता थे। तिरुमाला पहाड़ियों की तलहटी में एक गाँव कोट्टुरु को श्री गोविंदराजस्वामी मंदिर के आसपास के क्षेत्र में स्थानांतरित कर दिया गया, जो बाद में तिरुपति शहर में उभरा।

यह मंदिर भगवान विष्णु को समर्पित है, जिन्हें गोविंदराजस्वामी के नाम से जाना जाता है। देवता दाहिने हाथ को अपने सिर के नीचे और बायां हाथ सीधे अपने शरीर पर रखेंगे, योग निद्रा मुद्रा में पूर्व की ओर मुख करके। श्रीदेवी और भूदेवी विष्णु की पत्नी गोविंदराज के चरणों में विराजमान होंगी। गोविंदराज मंदिर के अभिषेक से पहले, श्री पार्थसारथी स्वामी मंदिर के प्राथमिक देवता थे। कुछ ग्रंथों में, गोविंदराजा स्वामी वेंकटेश्वर के बड़े भाई थे। गोविंदराज स्वामी मंदिर के प्रवेश द्वार में पद्मावती देवी, भाष्यकारला स्वामी (संत रामानुज), कुरथाझावर और अंडाल के मंदिर भी हैं। प्रवेश द्वार के दाहिनी ओर विष्णु के अवतारों की संरचना अन्य सभी विष्णु मंदिरों की तरह है। यहां कल्कि अवतार को वाजिमुख के रूप में दर्शाया गया है।

यह मंदिर आंध्र प्रदेश के विशाल मंदिर परिसरों में से एक है। मंदिर के पूर्वी प्रवेश द्वार पर एक स्थानीय सरदार मतला अनंतराज द्वारा 50 मीटर ऊंचा, सात मंजिला राजगोपुरम का निर्माण किया गया था। संरचना में रामायण के दृश्य हैं और मार्ग की दीवारों पर मतला अनंतराज और उनकी तीन पत्नियों के चित्र उकेरे गए हैं। राजगोपुरम के पश्चिम की ओर, मंदिर में दो बाड़े हैं, जो एक के पीछे एक व्यवस्थित हैं। बाहरी घेरे में पुंडरीकवल्ली और अलवर के उप-मंदिर हैं। आंतरिक बाड़े में गोविंदराज का मुख्य मंदिर और साथ ही उनकी पत्नी अंडाल के साथ कृष्ण का मंदिर भी है। आंतरिक बाड़े के दक्षिण-पश्चिम कोने की ओर, कल्याण वेंकटेश्वर को समर्पित एक मंदिर है, जिसके बाहरी हिस्सों पर बारीक गढ़ी गई कॉलोनेट्स के साथ एक मंडप था और केंद्रीय स्थान के साथ अंदर की ओर प्रक्षेपित यालिस के साथ पंक्तिबद्ध था। बीच में मंडप में ग्रे हरे ग्रेनाइट और लकड़ी की छत के स्तंभ थे।

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Historical Beginnings and Inspiration: Islamic art and archite­cture sprouted from the e­arly period of Islam, which started in the Arabian Pe­ninsula in the 7th century CE. Islam expande­d quickly across the Middle East, North Africa, and further. It me­t a wealth of cultural creativity from Byzantine, Pe­rsian, and Indian societies. These­ varied influences combine­d to form a unique artistic style showcasing the Muslim world's spiritual, inte­llectual, and aesthetic value­s. Under the support of various caliphates and dynastie­s, Islamic art thrived. Every ruling phase e­tched its memorable impact on the­ art scene. The grande­ur of the Umayyad and Abbasid caliphates, the opule­nce of the Ottoman and Mughal empire­s, saw Islamic leaders sponsoring masterful art pie­ces.

 

 

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The Life and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH): Understanding Islam's Final Messenger

Description: Explore the life, character, and teachings of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) with respect and historical accuracy. Learn about Islam's final messenger and his enduring message to humanity.

Introduction

Prophet Muhammad (Peace Be Upon Him) is one of the most influential figures in human history, revered by over 1.9 billion Muslims worldwide as the final messenger of God. His life, character, and teachings have shaped civilizations, inspired countless individuals, and continue to guide millions in their daily lives.

This article explores the life and teachings of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) with the utmost respect for Islamic tradition and historical accuracy, providing educational insight into his biography, character, and the core messages he conveyed to humanity.

Important note: This article is written with deep reverence for Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and profound respect for the Islamic faith and all religious traditions. It aims to provide educational information for people of all backgrounds who wish to understand one of history's most significant religious figures. Muslims traditionally say "Peace Be Upon Him" (PBUH) or "Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam" (SAW) after mentioning the Prophet's name, a practice we honor throughout this article.

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Birth and Childhood

Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) was born in Mecca (in present-day Saudi Arabia) in approximately 570 CE, during a time known as the "Age of Ignorance" (Jahiliyyah) in Islamic tradition, characterized by tribal conflicts, idol worship, and social injustices.

Early circumstances:

  • Born into the respected Quraysh tribe, specifically the Banu Hashim clan
  • Father Abdullah died before his birth
  • Mother Aminah died when he was six years old
  • Became an orphan at a young age, cared for first by his grandfather Abdul Muttalib, then by his uncle Abu Talib

Significance of orphanhood: This early experience shaped his later emphasis on care for orphans, the vulnerable, and disadvantaged—themes that would become central to his teachings.

Youth and Character

Even before receiving revelation, Muhammad (PBUH) was known for exceptional character:

Known as "Al-Amin" (The Trustworthy) and "Al-Sadiq" (The Truthful):

  • Renowned for honesty in all dealings
  • Trusted by community members to safeguard their valuables
  • Never known to lie or break promises
  • Reputation for fairness and integrity

Early life experiences:

  • Worked as a shepherd (a profession of many prophets in Islamic tradition)
  • Later became a merchant, traveling with trade caravans
  • Known for ethical business practices
  • Declined to participate in immoral practices common in Meccan society

Marriage to Khadijah:

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  • Remained married only to her for 25 years until her death
  • She was his closest companion and first believer in his prophethood
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The Call to Prophethood (610 CE)

The First Revelation

At age 40, Muhammad (PBUH) received his first revelation while meditating in the Cave of Hira during the month of Ramadan.

The experience:

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  • These verses emphasized reading, knowledge, and God as the Creator

The initial reaction:

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  • Returned home to Khadijah seeking comfort
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  • She took him to her cousin Waraqah, a Christian scholar, who confirmed this was divine revelation

Significance: Islam emphasizes that Muhammad (PBUH) did not seek prophethood—it was bestowed upon him by God. His initial fear and uncertainty are seen as evidence of the genuine nature of his experience.

Early Message and Opposition

The core early message:

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  • Rejection of idolatry
  • Accountability in the Hereafter
  • Social justice and care for the poor and vulnerable
  • Equality of all people before God

Initial reception:

  • First believers: His wife Khadijah, his cousin Ali, his close friend Abu Bakr, and a freed slave named Zayd
  • Message gradually spread among the marginalized and slaves
  • Wealthy Meccan elite strongly opposed the message
  • Opposition based on economic interests (idolatry was profitable), tribal pride, and resistance to social reform

Persecution of early Muslims:

  • Boycott of Muhammad's clan
  • Physical torture of early converts, especially slaves and the poor
  • Economic sanctions
  • Social ostracism

Despite severe persecution, Muhammad (PBUH) continued conveying the message with patience and perseverance.

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Modern days and te­ch growth change many parts of human life, including religion and spirituality for Jains. Te­ch gives chances and challenge­s for keeping and sharing Jain teachings. On one­ side, digital spaces and social media ope­n new ways to spread Jain values and conne­ct with people worldwide. But, te­chs big influence may cause distraction, gre­ed, and move away from Jain ideals of simple­ living. Also, some tech like AI and biote­ch raise questions about ethics and if the­y respect the Jain be­lief of non-violence and re­spect for all life. 

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