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सोमनाथ मन्दिर इतिहास तथा हिन्दुओं के चुनिन्दा और महत्वपूर्ण मन्दिरों में से एक है।

सोमनाथ मन्दिर भारत के 12 ज्योतिर्लिंगों में सर्वप्रथम ज्योतिर्लिंग के रूप में माना व जाना जाता है। 

सोमनाथ मन्दिर भूमण्डल में दक्षिण एशिया स्थित भारतवर्ष के पश्चिमी छोर पर गुजरात नामक प्रदेश स्थित, अत्यन्त प्राचीन व ऐतिहासिक शिव मन्दिर का नाम है। यह भारतीय इतिहास तथा हिन्दुओं के चुनिन्दा और महत्वपूर्ण मन्दिरों में से एक है। इसे आज भी भारत के 12 ज्योतिर्लिंगों में सर्वप्रथम ज्योतिर्लिंग के रूप में माना व जाना जाता है। गुजरात के सौराष्ट्र क्षेत्र के वेरावल बन्दरगाह में स्थित इस मन्दिर के बारे में कहा जाता है कि इसका निर्माण स्वयं चन्द्रदेव ने किया था, जिसका उल्लेख ऋग्वेद में स्पष्ट है। यह मन्दिर हिन्दू धर्म के उत्थान-पतन के इतिहास का प्रतीक रहा है। अत्यन्त वैभवशाली होने के कारण इतिहास में कई बार यह मंदिर तोड़ा तथा पुनर्निर्मित किया गया। वर्तमान भवन के पुनर्निर्माण का आरम्भ भारत की स्वतन्त्रता के पश्चात् लौहपुरुष सरदार वल्लभ भाई पटेल ने करवाया और पहली दिसम्बर 1955 को भारत के राष्ट्रपति डॉ राजेंद्र प्रसाद जी ने इसे राष्ट्र को समर्पित किया। सोमनाथ मन्दिर विश्व प्रसिद्ध धार्मिक व पर्यटन स्थल है। मन्दिर प्रांगण में रात साढ़े सात से साढ़े आठ बजे तक एक घण्टे का साउण्ड एण्ड लाइट शो चलता है, जिसमें सोमनाथ मन्दिर के इतिहास का बड़ा ही सुन्दर सचित्र वर्णन किया जाता है। लोककथाओं के अनुसार यहीं श्रीकृष्ण ने देहत्याग किया था। इस कारण इस क्षेत्र का और भी महत्त्व बढ़ गया। सोमनाथजी के मन्दिर की व्यवस्था और संचालन का कार्य सोमनाथ ट्रस्ट के अधीन है।



सरकार ने ट्रस्ट को जमीन, बाग-बगीचे देकर आय का प्रबन्ध किया है। यह तीर्थ पितृगणों के श्राद्ध, नारायण बलि आदि कर्मो के लिए भी प्रसिद्ध है। चैत्र, भाद्रपद, कार्तिक माह में यहाँ श्राद्ध करने का विशेष महत्त्व बताया गया है। इन तीन महीनों में यहाँ श्रद्धालुओं की बड़ी भीड़ लगती है। इसके अलावा यहाँ तीन नदियों हिरण, कपिला और सरस्वती का महासंगम होता है। इस त्रिवेणी स्नान का विशेष महत्त्व है। प्राचीन हिन्दू ग्रन्थों के अनुसार में बताये कथानक के अनुसार सोम अर्थात् चन्द्र ने, दक्षप्रजापति राजा की 27 कन्याओं से विवाह किया था। लेकिन उनमें से रोहिणी नामक अपनी पत्नी को अधिक प्यार व सम्मान दिया कर होते हुए अन्याय को देखकर क्रोध में आकर दक्ष ने चन्द्रदेव को शाप दे दिया कि अब से हर दिन तुम्हारा तेज (काँति, चमक) क्षीण होता रहेगा। फलस्वरूप हर दूसरे दिन चन्द्र का तेज घटने लगा। शाप से विचलित और दु:खी सोम ने भगवान शिव की आराधना शुरू कर दी। अन्ततः शिव प्रसन्न हुए और सोम-चन्द्र के शाप का निवारण किया। सोम के कष्ट को दूर करने वाले प्रभु शिव का स्थापन यहाँ करवाकर उनका नामकरण हुआ "सोमनाथ"। ऐसी मान्यता है कि श्रीकृष्ण भालुका तीर्थ पर विश्राम कर रहे थे। तब ही शिकारी ने उनके पैर के तलुए में पद्मचिह्न को हिरण की आँख जानकर अनजाने में तीर मारा था। तब ही कृष्ण ने देह त्यागकर यहीं से वैकुण्ठ गमन किया। इस स्थान पर बड़ा ही सुन्दर कृष्ण मन्दिर बना हुआ है।


सर्वप्रथम एक मन्दिर ईसा के पूर्व में अस्तित्व में था जिस जगह पर द्वितीय बार मन्दिर का पुनर्निर्माण सातवीं सदी में वल्लभी के मैत्रक राजाओं ने किया। आठवीं सदी में सिन्ध के अरबी गवर्नर जुनायद ने इसे नष्ट करने के लिए अपनी सेना भेजी। गुर्जर प्रतिहार राजा नागभट्ट ने 815 ईस्वी में इसका तीसरी बार पुनर्निर्माण किया। इस मन्दिर की महिमा और कीर्ति दूर-दूर तक फैली थी। अरब यात्री अल-बरुनी ने अपने यात्रा वृतान्त में इसका विवरण लिखा जिससे प्रभावित हो महमूद ग़ज़नवी ने सन 1024 में कुछ 5,000 साथियों के साथ सोमनाथ मन्दिर पर हमला किया, उसकी सम्पत्ति लूटी और उसे नष्ट कर दिया। 50,000 लोग मन्दिर के अन्दर हाथ जोड़कर पूजा अर्चना कर रहे थे, प्रायः सभी कत्ल कर दिये गये। इसके बाद गुजरात के राजा भीम और मालवा के राजा भोज ने इसका पुनर्निर्माण कराया। सन 1297 में जब दिल्ली सल्तनत ने गुजरात पर क़ब्ज़ा किया तो इसे पाँचवीं बार गिराया गया। मुगल बादशाह औरंगजेब ने इसे पुनः 1706 में गिरा दिया। इस समय जो मंदिर खड़ा है उसे भारत के गृह मन्त्री सरदार वल्लभ भाई पटेल ने बनवाया और पहली दिसम्बर 1955 को भारत के राष्ट्रपति डॉ॰ राजेन्द्र प्रसाद ने इसे राष्ट्र को समर्पित किया। 1948 में प्रभासतीर्थ, 'प्रभास पाटण' के नाम से जाना जाता था। इसी नाम से इसकी तहसील और नगर पालिका थी। यह जूनागढ़ रियासत का मुख्य नगर था। लेकिन 1948 के बाद इसकी तहसील, नगर पालिका और तहसील कचहरी का वेरावल में विलय हो गया।

मंदिर का बार-बार खंडन और जीर्णोद्धार होता रहा पर शिवलिंग यथावत रहा। लेकिन सन 1048 में महमूद गजनी ने जो शिवलिंग खण्डित किया, वह यही आदि शिवलिंग था। इसके बाद प्रतिष्ठित किए गए शिवलिंग को 1300 में अलाउद्दीन की सेना ने खण्डित किया। इसके बाद कई बार मन्दिर और शिवलिंग को खण्डित किया गया। बताया जाता है आगरा के किले में रखे देवद्वार सोमनाथ मन्दिर के हैं। महमूद गजनी सन 1026 में लूटपाट के दौरान इन द्वारों को अपने साथ ले गया था। सोमनाथ मन्दिर के मूल मन्दिर स्थल पर मन्दिर ट्रस्ट द्वारा निर्मित नवीन मन्दिर स्थापित है। राजा कुमार पाल द्वारा इसी स्थान पर अन्तिम मन्दिर बनवाया गया था। सौराष्ट्र के मुख्यमन्त्री उच्छंगराय नवलशंकर ढेबर ने १९ अप्रैल १९४० को यहाँ उत्खनन कराया था। इसके बाद भारत सरकार के पुरातत्व विभाग ने उत्खनन द्वारा प्राप्त ब्रह्मशिला पर शिव का ज्योतिर्लिग स्थापित किया है। सौराष्ट्र के पूर्व राजा दिग्विजय सिंह ने 8 मई 1950 को मन्दिर की आधारशिला रखी तथा ११ मई 1951 को भारत के प्रथम राष्ट्रपति डॉ॰ राजेंद्र प्रसाद ने मन्दिर में ज्योतिर्लिग स्थापित किया। नवीन सोमनाथ मन्दिर 1962 में पूर्ण निर्मित हो गया। 1970 में जामनगर की राजमाता ने अपने पति की स्मृति में उनके नाम से 'दिग्विजय द्वार' बनवाया। इस द्वार के पास राजमार्ग है और पूर्व गृहमन्त्री सरदार वल्लभ भाई पटेल की प्रतिमा है। सोमनाथ मन्दिर निर्माण में पटेल का बड़ा योगदान रहा।

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The Importance of Mindfulness in Modern Life: Why Slowing Down Might Be the Smartest Thing You Can Do

Description: Feeling overwhelmed by modern life? Here's why mindfulness actually matters — and how it can genuinely help you feel less stressed, more present, and more human.

Let me describe a typical day. See if this sounds familiar.

You wake up and immediately check your phone. Thirty notifications already. You scroll through social media while brushing your teeth. You eat breakfast while answering emails. You're in three different group chats while trying to work. You listen to a podcast while doing the dishes. You watch TV while scrolling Instagram. You fall asleep with your phone in your hand, still consuming content until the very last second.

And somewhere in all of that — in all that noise, all that multitasking, all that constant stimulation — you realize something kind of terrifying.

You weren't actually present for any of it.

You went through an entire day without really being there for a single moment of it.

That's modern life. That's what we've normalized. And that's exactly why mindfulness — the practice of actually being present, aware, and intentional — has become so important. Not as some trendy wellness thing. But as a genuine survival skill for staying sane in a world that's designed to fragment your attention into a million pieces.

Let's talk about why mindfulness matters. Really matters. And how it can actually help you feel more human in a world that's constantly trying to turn you into a distracted, overwhelmed, anxious mess.


First — What Is Mindfulness, Really?

Mindfulness gets thrown around so much these days that the word has kind of lost its meaning. So let's be clear about what we're actually talking about.

Mindfulness is the practice of paying attention to the present moment — on purpose, without judgment.

That's it. It's not about emptying your mind. It's not about achieving some zen state of eternal calm. It's not about sitting cross-legged and chanting.

It's simply about noticing what's happening right now — your thoughts, your feelings, your body, your surroundings — and doing it without immediately judging or reacting to it.

You're eating? Be there. Taste the food. Notice the texture. Feel the fork in your hand.

You're walking? Feel your feet hitting the ground. Notice the air on your skin. Hear the sounds around you.

You're upset? Notice that you're upset. Feel where the emotion lives in your body. Observe your thoughts without getting swept away by them.

It's about being where you are, instead of constantly being somewhere else in your head.

Simple concept. Incredibly hard to actually do. Especially now.


Why Modern Life Makes Mindfulness So Hard (And So Necessary)

Here's the thing. Human brains weren't designed for the world we're living in right now.

We're drowning in information. You see more information in a single day than your great-grandparents saw in a year. Your brain is processing thousands of inputs constantly — notifications, emails, ads, news, social media updates, messages, alerts. It's relentless.

We're always "on." There's no downtime anymore. No quiet. No boredom. The second you have a free moment, you fill it with your phone. Waiting in line? Phone. Commuting? Phone. Bathroom? Phone. We've eliminated every single gap in our days where our minds used to just... rest.

We're constantly comparing ourselves. Social media puts everyone's highlight reel directly in your face, all day long. Everyone's more successful, more attractive, more happy, more something than you. And your brain interprets that as "you're falling behind." Constantly.

We're trained to multitask. We're doing five things at once, all the time, and convincing ourselves that's productivity. It's not. It's just fractured attention that leaves you exhausted and feeling like you accomplished nothing.

We're addicted to stimulation. Our brains have been rewired to crave constant dopamine hits. Notifications. Likes. New content. New messages. The idea of just sitting quietly with your own thoughts for five minutes feels almost painful now.

And all of this? It's making us anxious, depressed, disconnected, and exhausted. Mental health issues are skyrocketing. Burnout is everywhere. People feel more isolated than ever despite being more "connected" than ever.

That's why mindfulness matters. Because it's the antidote to all of this. It's the practice of reclaiming your attention, your presence, and your sanity in a world that's actively trying to steal all three.

Meaning of Moksha in Jain Philosophy: Understanding the Ultimate Goal of the Jain Path

Description: Curious about the meaning of Moksha in Jainism? Here's a respectful, honest guide to understanding liberation in Jain philosophy — what it means and why it matters.

Let me start with something important.

Every major spiritual tradition in the world grapples with the same fundamental question: Is there a way out of suffering?

Is there a state beyond the endless cycle of wanting and losing, striving and failing, being born and dying? Is there something more permanent, more real, more free than the ordinary human experience?

In Jainism, the answer is yes. And that answer has a name: Moksha.

Moksha is the ultimate goal of the Jain path. It's not a vague aspiration or a comforting metaphor. In Jain philosophy, it's a precise, clearly defined state — the complete liberation of the soul from all karma, all bondage, and all suffering. The permanent, irreversible attainment of infinite knowledge, infinite perception, infinite bliss, and infinite energy.

But to truly understand what Moksha means in Jainism, you need to understand the philosophical framework that surrounds it. Because Jainism's understanding of the soul, karma, and liberation is unique, sophisticated, and remarkably detailed.

So let's explore it. Respectfully. Carefully. With genuine curiosity about one of the most profound philosophical traditions in human history.


The Starting Point: What Is the Soul in Jainism?

Before we can understand Moksha, we need to understand what Jainism says about the soul — because Moksha is fundamentally about the soul's liberation.

In Jain philosophy, the soul is called Jiva. And it has some extraordinary characteristics.

The soul is eternal. It has no beginning and no end. It was never created and will never be destroyed. It simply is — always has been, always will be.

The soul is conscious. Consciousness isn't something the soul has — it's what the soul fundamentally IS. The soul's essential nature is awareness, knowing, perceiving.

The soul is inherently perfect. This is perhaps the most profound and distinctive aspect of Jain philosophy. In its pure, unobstructed state, the soul possesses:

  • Anant Jnana — Infinite knowledge (knowing everything, all at once)
  • Anant Darshana — Infinite perception (perceiving all reality completely)
  • Anant Sukha — Infinite bliss (perfect, unshakeable happiness)
  • Anant Virya — Infinite energy (unlimited spiritual power)

These four infinite qualities — called the Anant Chatustaya — are the soul's true nature. They're not qualities the soul needs to develop or earn. They already exist within every soul. They're always there.

The problem? They're hidden. Covered. Obscured.

And what covers them? Karma.


The Jain Understanding of Karma: Why It's Different

Most people have a general idea of karma as some kind of cosmic justice system — do good, get good; do bad, get bad. That understanding, while useful, barely scratches the surface of the sophisticated Jain philosophical concept.

In Jainism, karma is not abstract. It's physical.

Karma is understood as a subtle material substance — infinitely fine particles that exist throughout the universe (called karma varganas or karmic particles). These particles are so fine they're beyond ordinary perception, but they're as real and material as anything in the physical world.

How karma attaches to the soul:

When a soul — embodied in a living being — acts, thinks, or speaks with passion (kasaya):

  • Anger (krodha)
  • Pride (mana)
  • Deceit (maya)
  • Greed (lobha)

...the vibrations created by that passionate action attract karmic particles from the surrounding environment. These particles stick to the soul, coating it like a layer of dust on a mirror.

This process is called Asrava — the influx of karma.

The stuck karma then matures over time and produces its effects — causing the soul to experience pleasure, pain, various life situations, and ultimately another rebirth.

This process is called Bandha — karmic bondage.

What karma does to the soul:

Different types of karma have different effects:

  • Knowledge-obscuring karma (Jnanavaraniya) — Covers the soul's infinite knowledge like a cloth covering a lamp
  • Perception-obscuring karma (Darshanavaraniya) — Covers infinite perception like a blindfold
  • Feeling-producing karma (Vedaniya) — Causes experiences of pleasure and pain
  • Deluding karma (Mohaniya) — This is the most dangerous — it creates wrong views and wrong conduct, making the soul mistake what is unreal for real, and what is harmful for beneficial
  • Life-determining karma (Ayushya) — Determines the duration of a particular life
  • Body-determining karma (Nama) — Determines the type of body, appearance, and circumstances of birth
  • Status-determining karma (Gotra) — Determines social standing and family
  • Energy-obscuring karma (Antaraya) — Blocks the soul's infinite energy

All of this karma accumulation — built up over countless lifetimes — is what keeps the soul trapped in Samsara: the endless cycle of birth, death, and rebirth.


What Is Samsara and Why Must It End?

Samsara is the cycle of existence — the endless rounds of birth, life, death, and rebirth that the karma-laden soul undergoes.

In Jain cosmology, souls have existed for eternity. Every soul has been born and reborn countless times — in every possible form of life, at every level of the cosmic hierarchy, in every type of circumstance.

The four main categories of existence in samsara (called Gatis):

  1. Narak (Hell beings) — Souls in states of intense suffering in hellish realms
  2. Tiryancha (Non-human beings) — Animals, insects, plants, elements
  3. Manushya (Human beings) — The most precious birth because only humans can consciously pursue liberation
  4. Deva (Divine beings) — Celestial beings with great pleasure and power but still subject to karma and rebirth

Every soul has been all of these — countless times. The wealthy person was once a worm. The devotee was once a demon. The sage was once a tyrant.

Why must samsara end?

Because it is inherently unsatisfying and inherently painful.

Even the most pleasant circumstances in samsara are temporary and ultimately end. The heavenly beings eventually exhaust their good karma and fall to lower existences. The powerful eventually lose their power. The loved eventually lose their loved ones. Joy is always shadowed by the knowledge that it will pass.

No pleasure in samsara is permanent. No peace is lasting. No relationship endures forever. And underlying all of it is the ever-present potential for suffering — for illness, loss, death, and rebirth in less fortunate circumstances.

The Jain path is a way out of this endless, exhausting cycle. And the exit is Moksha.

Walking the Parsi Dharma Path: Choosing Spiritual Harmony and Tradition

1. Parsi Dharma's Historical Tapestry: Following Its Origins and Journey Take a trip back in time to discover the Parsi Dharma's historical origins. See the colorful tapestry of this faith and how it has changed through the ages, from its ancient roots in Persia to its migration to India.

Finding the Richness of Buddhism's Teachings, Customs, and Practices

Buddhism, sometime­s known as the "Enlightenment Path", is a global re­ligion. It grew from the lessons of Siddhartha Gautama or Buddha. Ove­r half a billion people follow it around the world. Buddhism holds a mix of be­lief systems, rituals, and customs. They've­ developed ove­r countless years. In this detaile­d book, we scope Buddhism’s crucial teachings and practice­s. We'll explain how followers pe­rceive enlighte­nment's concept and how they se­e God’s role in their faith.

Buddhism's method in a nutshe­ll: About Four Noble Truths: Buddhism is based on the Four Noble­ Truths. They explain the nature­ of difficulties, their roots, and how to escape­ them. The truths are: - The­ Suffering Truth: Life contains many trials and changes, cre­ating displeasure. - The Origin of Suffe­ring Truth: Our troubles spring from deep cravings and misunde­rstandings. - The End of Suffering Truth: By removing the­ causes of troubles, reaching Nirvana, and finally ge­tting rid of pain is feasible. - The Truth of the­ Path to End Suffering: The Noble Eightfold Path se­rves as the guide to coming out of pain and ge­tting enlightened.